CLNICAL TRIALS WARSZAW

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, chronic autoimmune disease, meaning that it damages multiple organs, structures, and tissues. Lupus is characterized by symptoms of inflammation visible on the skin in the form of redness. SLE can affect the joints, lungs, heart, blood vessels, nervous system, and kidneys.

The disease usually begins between the ages of 20 and 40, but can appear as early as childhood. The incidence is several times higher in women than in men.

The exact causes of SLE are unknown. It is known that a significant factor is genetic predisposition to the immune system, which is responsible for removing foreign or unnecessary substances from the body. Immune system dysfunction and misdiagnosis result in the body attacking its own cells. Research shows that bacterial and viral infections, hormones, exposure to sunlight, and certain medications can play a significant role in the development of SLE.

Symptoms of the Disease

External manifestations include skin changes such as butterfly-shaped erythema on the cheeks and on parts of the body exposed to sunlight (décolletage, forearms). Erosions similar to aphthous ulcers may appear on the oral mucosa. These symptoms are also accompanied by a sense of weakness, fever, joint pain, and sometimes hair loss. These signals indicate the involvement of internal organs and structures.

Clinical symptoms largely depend on the intensity of the inflammation in specific organs:

  • Chest pain and shortness of breath signal pleurisy, pericarditis, or endocarditis.
  • Headaches, mental health changes, and even seizures (most common in children) appear when disorders occur in the central nervous system.
  • Headaches can also result from arterial hypertension during inflammatory changes in blood vessels and kidneys.
  • Anemia, sometimes with yellowing of the eyes or skin, susceptibility to infection, and a tendency for blood clots or—conversely—hemorrhages, are symptoms of the disease attacking the hematopoietic system.
  • Joint and muscle pain (symptoms of arthritis) hinder daily activities.

Diagnosis

Laboratory tests allow for the determination of inflammatory activity and the detection of organ dysfunction and serological markers of autoimmunity. If concerning symptoms appear, a visit to a rheumatologist is essential.

A proper diagnosis of SLE requires a detailed compilation of information and test results. Because symptoms characteristic of SLE also occur in many other diseases, it is important to conduct diagnostics under the supervision of a physician. Confirmation always requires a thorough patient history, laboratory tests, and imaging. A classification system of criteria (containing over a dozen items) is also helpful; at least four must be confirmed to diagnose SLE.

Treatment of SLE Treatment depends primarily on the severity of the disease and which organs are involved. The goal is to induce remission and alleviate symptoms and complications. The best effectiveness is ensured by constant cooperation with a rheumatologist and strict adherence to recommendations.
Key recommendations for patients:
  • Avoiding exposure to sunlight.
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (smoking cessation, healthy diet).
  • Avoiding infections through preventative vaccinations.
  • Prioritizing rest and avoiding stress.

If you would like to participate in the study, please complete and submit the form.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Our staff will contact you.