CLNICAL TRIALS WARSZAW

Spondyloarthritis

A group of diseases that share similar symptoms and pathogenetic origins. Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a group of rheumatic diseases characterized by simultaneous inflammation of the spine and limb joints. Depending on the primary site of inflammation, two main types of spondyloarthropathies are distinguished: axial and peripheral. The former is characterized by inflammation of the joints in the pelvis and spine, while the latter manifests inflammation of the peripheral joints, including the knee, ankle, shoulder, and elbow. Occasionally, uveitis and erythema nodosum may also occur.

Disease Symptoms

Spondyloarthritis can manifest as chronic back pain that worsens in the morning and during the night, morning stiffness of the spine, as well as swelling, increased warmth, and redness of the peripheral joints. Some patients report weight loss, chronic low-grade fever, and fatigue.

Spondyloarthritis Disease Groups

Spondyloarthritis affects people of all ages; in 10–20% of patients, it manifests as early as childhood. The group of spondyloarthritic diseases includes:

  • Ankylosing spondylitis (AS),
  • Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA),
  • Psoriatic arthritis (primarily affecting patients with psoriasis),
  • Reactive arthritis (associated with certain past infections),
  • Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis,
  • Juvenile spondyloarthritis (occurring in individuals under 16 years of age),
  • Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (features of spondyloarthritis are present, but diagnostic criteria do not allow classification into any of the above groups).

The exact causes of the development of this group of disorders remain unknown. They have an autoimmune background and are most likely the result of immune system dysregulation, leading to the spontaneous development of arthritis. A genetic predisposition to the disease is linked to the presence of the HLA-B27 antigen.

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Spondyloarthritis

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